Category: Update

  • Colombo Pledge in Thai Language (āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĨāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļš)

    Colombo Pledge in Thai Language (āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĨāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļš)

    Colombo_Pledge_Thai_language

    āđ‚āļ„āļĨāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļš āļĻāļĢāļĩāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļē

    āđ’āđ˜ āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļĄ āđ’āđāđ‘āđ˜
    āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĨāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļš

    āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ
    āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļ—āļąāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ“ āļŠāļĄāļąāļŠāļŠāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆ āđ” (Asian Electoral Stakeholders Forum IV) āļ‚āļ­āļĒāļ·āļ™āļĒāļąāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļāļīāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļļ āļ—āļīāļĻāļ•āļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ— āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļŠ āļēāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰ āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļ—āļļāļāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļąāļĄāļĪāļ—āļ˜āļīāļœāļĨ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ‡āļšāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāđƒāļ™āđāļ•āđˆ āļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļēāļĢāļ°āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ•āļĢāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļąāļš āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļķāļāļ„āļąāļ āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰ āļ­āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡

    āđāļĄāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰ āļēāđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ™āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāđƒāļŠāđ‰ āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļž āļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ â€œāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄâ€ (āđ’āđāđ‘āđ’) āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāļ”āļīāļĨāļĩ āļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ â€œāļ•āļąāļ§āļŠāļĩāđ‰āļ§āļąāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ” (āđ’āđāđ‘āđ•) āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāļšāļēāļŦāļĨāļĩ āļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ â€œāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļāļīāļˆāļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļˆāļĢāļĢāļĒāļē” (āđ’āđāđ‘āđ–) āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ§āđˆāļē āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļœāļŠāļīāļāļāļąāļšāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ–āļ­āļĒāđ„āļ›āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļ§āļĩāļ›āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ  āđ€āļĢāļēāļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļŽāļāļ•āļīāļāļēāļ­āļ·āđˆ āļ™ āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļŠāļēāļāļĨāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒ āļ™āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļĄāļąāļŠāļŠāļēāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļĢāļ

    āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļĒāđ‰āļģāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļāļāđˆāļēāļĒ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ–āļ·āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ­āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĨāļđāļāļāļą āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļĢāļĨāļļāļ–āļķāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāđāļšāļšāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļēāļ āļīāļšāļēāļĨāđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļĢāļ°āļ”āļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļĄāļąāļŠāļŠāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰Â  āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļĩāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļŦāđ‰āļ§āļ‡āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™ āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ™ āļēāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđāļ™āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļžāļķāļ‡āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđāļāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļē

    āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļˆāļĢāļĢāļĒāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āđˆāļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ–āļ· āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩ āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨ

    āđ€āļĢāļēāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ˜āļģāļĢāļ‡āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ„āđˆāļēāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāļŠāļēāļāļĨāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āļāļŽāļšāļąāļ•āļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡Â āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ­āļ·āđˆ āļ™ āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡

    āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļ—āđ‰āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļĄāļīāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļąāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āđ„āļ›āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§ āđāļ•āđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļžāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™āļžāļķāļ‡āļĄāļĩāđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļšāļĢāļĢāļ”āļēāļĄāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļēāļĄāļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļŠāļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡ āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āđˆāļĄāļ‚āļđāđˆāļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ—āļļāļāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļīāļ”āļĢāļ­āļ™āđ€āļˆāļ•āļˆāļģāļ™āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđāļāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡

    āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļąāļ”āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ™ āļ§āļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāđŒāļ§āļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļ­āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļˆāļķāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļģāļĄāļąāļ™āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļī āļ”āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ–āļāđ€āļ–āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ„āđŒāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĄāļđāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļĢāļĄāļĩāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āđ€āļĢāļēāļ‚āļ­āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļˆāļļāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļŸāļđāļĄāļŸāļąāļāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ­āļ·āđˆ āļ™ āđ† āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™ āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļ°āļ—āļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ—āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ™āļĢāļļāđˆāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•

    āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒ āļĄāļĩ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡

    āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§āļŠāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļđāļāļŠāļąāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļāđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ‚āļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ—āļļāļāļāđˆāļēāļĒāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļāļąāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšÂ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§āļŠāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ€āļœāļĒ āļ•āļĢāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļĄāļē āļĄāļĩāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļĢāļļāļ āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§āļŠāļēāļĢāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§
    āđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļŠāļ­āļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ§āļīāļ–āļĩāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļāļąāļāđƒāļāđˆāļāđˆāļēāļĒāđƒāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ”āļģāļĢāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›

    āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļĢāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āđ€āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĢāđ‰āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ— āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļ•āđˆ āļēāļ‡ āđ† āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļžāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļ āļ™āļāļĨāđ„āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ‚āļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§āļŠāļēāļĢāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĢāđˆāđāļāđˆ āļ™āļŠāļēāļĢ āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ§āļēāļˆāļēāļˆāļ‡āđ€āļāļĨāļĩāļĒāļ”āļˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļˆāđāļ„āļš āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāđˆāļēāļāļ· āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļĒāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ™ āļēāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĨāļ‚ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļžāļĢāļĢāļ„āļāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļĄāļąāļ„āļĢāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĒāđˆāļ­āļĄāļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ™ āļēāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļœāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āļĒāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđ€āļ‹āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ­āļāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‹āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļŠāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āļī āļ”āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļžāļĢāļĢāļ„āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ§āļ—āļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļąāļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰

    āđ€āļĢāļēāļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļ•āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāļ„āđˆāļēāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆ āļ­āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļˆāļąāļ‡ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ”āļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ”āļđāđāļĨāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļ—āđ‰āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡Â  āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļ•āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ āļˆāļ­āļĄāļ›āļĨāļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļīāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ”āļĢāļąāļšāļāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ­āļ”āļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ”āļđāđāļĨāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĨ

    āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ· āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ­āļšāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ

    āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡Â āđ€āļĢāļēāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļˆāļĢāļĢāļĒāļē āļˆāļķāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ­āļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļĄāļ”āļļāļĨāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄ āļ›āļĨāļđāļāļāļą āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ„āļ§āļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļšāļ—āļ§āļ™āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄ āļĩāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ›āļĢāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļēāļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļŦāļēāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āđˆ āļ­āļ™āđāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ

    āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļēāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰ āļŦāļĄāļ”āđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļŦāđ‰āļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ§āļąāļāļˆāļąāļāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ‚āļ­āđ€āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĢāđ‰āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļąāļ”āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļĄāļąāļ„āļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļāļŽāļĢāļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĢāļĢāļ„āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļļāļšāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ„āļ§āļĢāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ‚āļ­āļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļĢāļĢāļĒāļēāļšāļĢāļĢāļ“āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡

    āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĢāļēāļ°āļšāļēāļ‡

    āđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļžāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļāļĨāđ„āļāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āđˆ āļ­āļ™āļ”āđ‰ āļ­āļĒāđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļ—āļļāļāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ— āļēāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļĢāļđāļ›āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļ‚āļ­āļĒāđ‰āļģāļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļĨāļąāđˆāļ™āļāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ‚āļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļģāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđƒāļ”āđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļ­āļļāļ›āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ” āļēāļĢāļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§āļŠāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ†

    āđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āđˆāļēāļ™āļīāļĒāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāđāļ™āļ§āđ‚āļ™āđ‰ āļĄāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļĨāļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļ•āļĢāļĩāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāļ”āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļ•āļĢāļĩāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļĄāļąāļ„āļĢāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰ āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ†Â  āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļīāļāļēāļĢ āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒ āđ€āļĒāļēāļ§āļŠāļ™ āļ™āļąāļāđ‚āļ—āļĐ āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ”āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™ āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļž āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĢāļēāļ°āļšāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ·āđˆ āļ™ āđ† āļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļđāļāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĩāļ”āļāļąāļ™ āđ€āļĢāļēāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļžāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆ āļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ„āļ§āļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āđˆāļēāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ™āđˆāļēāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĢāļēāļ°āļšāļēāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ—āļ™āđ€āļ‚āļēāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļīāļˆāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļģāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄ āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡

    āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļŠāļīāļāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ–āļ”āļ–āļ­āļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļĨāļāđƒāļ™āđāļ‡āđˆāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ›āļĨāļĩāļāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļ­āļāļĄāļē āđāļ•āđˆāļˆāļ°āļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡Â āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļˆāļīāļ•āļ§āļīāļāļāļēāļ“āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰Â āđ€āļĢāļēāļ‚āļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāđ€āļĢāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ™āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļ§āļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ•āļąāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļšāļ­āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĨāļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģ āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāđ‰āļēāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰ āļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļĄāļąāļŠāļŠāļēāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›Â āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡ āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆ āļēāļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļąāļ™ āļˆāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļ§āļĨāļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒ.

     

  • THE COLOMBO PLEDGE TO PROMOTE AND DEFEND DEMOCRACY

    THE COLOMBO PLEDGE TO PROMOTE AND DEFEND DEMOCRACY

    ANFREL introduces the Colombo Pledge to Promote and Defend Democracy in Asia, a landmark document produced through the collaboration of more than 300 representatives from civil society organizations and election management bodies from 45 countries.

    Click on the link to view PDF of The Colombo Pledge

  • Human Rights Monitoring Report 1-31 March 2018 by Odhikar

    Human Rights Monitoring Report 1-31 March 2018 by Odhikar

    Read report

    Executive Summary

    The month of March is very significant in the history of Bangladesh. In 1971 the people of this country became resilient against the exploitation and suppression of the West Pakistan regime and developed a struggle for independence in order to destroy the undemocratic rule of West Pakistan. On 25 March 1971, the Pakistani Army attacked the unarmed Bangladeshi civilians and commenced genocide. From 26 March, the people of Bangladesh  (then  East  Pakistan)  jumped  into  the  liberation  struggle  and  on  16

    December 1971 Bangladesh became independent when the Pakistan Army surrendered. The people of this country sacrificed their lives and honour to build a nation based on equality, human dignity and social justice. That goal is yet to be achieved. The people of this country are victims of grave human rights violations. The controversial elections of

    5 January 2014 and the subsequent local government elections, deprived the people of

    Bangladesh  from  their  right  to  vote.  The  opposition  political  parties  and  ordinary people are also deprived from the rights to freedom of expression and freedom of assembly and association. The government has enacted repressive laws and imposing them  against  dissenters  and  people  who  have  alternative  beliefs.  Many  people, including leaders and activists of the opposition parties, are becoming victims of enforced disappearance, extrajudicial killing and torture. The government has created a fearful  environment  in  the  country  by  destroying  civil  and  political  rights  of  the citizens. As in previous months, allegations of enforced disappearance, extrajudicial killing and custodial torture of leaders-activists of the opposition parties during remand and death in jail due to lack of treatment, were also reported in March 2018. Odhikar believes that people are losing their confidence and faith in the judicial system due to a dysfunctional criminal justice system, impunity of law enforcement agencies and corruption. Incidents of killings by mob violence continued in March 2018.

    Read report

  • ODIHIKAR Human Rights Monitoring Report of February 2018

    ODIHIKAR Human Rights Monitoring Report of February 2018

    ODHIKAR month of February Human Rights Reports highlighting escalating the human rights situation just 10 months before the 11th parliamentary elections

    Year 2018 is significant year for the Bangladesh, which we supposed to have 11th Parliamentary elections in December. The election will be going to have elections with the situation of human rights deteriorated in great extend last 10 years. The current Awami League led alliance government in power since 2009 and they have removed unilaterally the Government system in 2011.

    The country is created a fearful environment in the country with severely curtailing civil and political rights. Many people, including leaders and activists of opposition political parties and dissenting voices became victims of persecution, enforced disappearance, torture, extrajudicial killing and kneecapping. Furthermore, rights to freedom of opinion and expression; and assembly and association were violated and several repressive laws were enacted and amended by the government during its reign.

    Read more on Google drive

     

     

     

     

  • Bawaslu and ANFREL signed MoU to more coorperation in promote democratic election and alies to defend democracy

    Bawaslu and ANFREL signed MoU to more coorperation in promote democratic election and alies to defend democracy

    Jarkata , 16 Jan 2018 Bawaslu sign MoU to kick off more cooperation promote democratic election, and alies to defend democracy together.

     

  • ANFRFEL Statement : ANFREL congratulates Nepal for the successful two-phase elections

    ANFRFEL Statement : ANFREL congratulates Nepal for the successful two-phase elections

    The Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL) congratulates the people of Nepal for the successful holding of the historic 2017 House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly Elections. It is the first to take place since the promulgation of the 2015 Constitution which marked the final stage of the peace process after a decade-long of civil war in the country.

    We applaud the Election Commission of Nepal (ECN) for the generally peaceful and smooth management of the elections.  The polling officers, security agents, and all election staff deserve to be recognized for their hard work.

    We wish to compliment all political parties and candidates for the important role they played in this democratic exercise.

    We congratulate the civil society for their involvement in the electoral process, especially the election observer groups, for their efforts and contributions in monitoring the various aspects of the elections. The findings and recommendations based on professional observation work of all election monitoring groups, domestic and international, will be of great value to the advancement of electoral democracy in Nepal.

    We encourage stakeholders in Nepal to foster a spirit of camaraderie and cooperation as the country builds and strengthens its democratic institutions.

    “We hope that this important electoral process brought the Nepalis a renewed sense of hope and enthusiasm in building stronger and more credible democratic processes,” said Mr. Damaso Magbual, ANFREL Spokesperson and Head of the 2017 Nepal Mission.

    We hope that the ongoing counting process will be completed efficiently and without delay. ANFREL urges ECN to remain transparent throughout the process of counting and to resolve complaints in a fair and timely manner. We also appeal to all candidates to uphold the rule of law and direct all complaints and disputes to ECN or to relevant authorities.

    ANFREL deployed a five-member study team to undertake an independent assessment of key thematic areas concerning the electoral process. The team launched their study mission upon arrival in Kathmandu in 21 November 2017 until 10 December 2017.  A final statement based on the results of its study will be published after the completion of the counting process.

    For further information, please feel free to contact Ms. Chandanie Watawala at chandanie@anfrel.org

     

  • The AESF-IV in Colombo, Sri Lanka – August 2018

    The AESF-IV in Colombo, Sri Lanka – August 2018

    The Asian Electoral Stakeholder Forum (AESF) is a continuing engagement between election management bodies (EMBs) and civil society organizations (CSOs) in Asia. There have already been three successful gatherings since it was first launched in 2012: AESF-1 in Bangkok, Thailand (2012), AESF-2 in Dili, Timor-Leste (2015), and AESF-3 in Bali, Indonesia (2016).

    The Asian Network for Free Elections, with members across Asia, championed the creation of a mechanism to address common electoral issues while also advancing the rule of law and honoring the cultures, traditional laws and customs of the many peoples who live in Asia.  The result is the holding of the first-ever regional gathering of Asian Electoral Stakeholders with the Bangkok Declaration on Free and Fair Elections as its product. The declaration identified the most significant and widespread barriers to free and fair elections in Asia and strengthened the resolve of the Asian people to address them by involving all relevant stakeholders. It was considered a major milestone to Asian electoral democracy. Since then, CSOs have undertaken initiatives to promote the Bangkok Declaration by endorsing and cooperating with EMBs on programs that aim to address and tear down such barriers.

    AESF has also drawn the attention of EMBs with the 2nd AESF held in Dili, Timor-Leste with support of the National Commission of Elections (CNE) in March 2015. Asian stakeholders once again gathered together with representatives from other regions that enriched the sharing and discussion. AESF-2 has led to the endorsement of the “Dili Indicators on Democratic Elections”  intended to be used as a guide to assess election credibility.

    With the Forum becoming one of the most celebrated gatherings of Asian EMBs and CSOs, the 3rd AESF was held a year after the Dili AESF. This time around, Indonesia’s General Election Commission (KPU) supported and co-organized the Forum. The event concluded with the participants endorsing the “Bali Commitment: Electoral Integrity: Eight Keys to Transparency.”

    The 4th AESF, co-hosted by the Election Commission of Sri Lanka and the Asian Network for Free Elections will take place in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 27 to 28 August 2018. It will once again provide the space and opportunity for electoral management bodies, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders to meet and gather to recognize present challenges and commit on ways on how to address them.  It will mark a historic milestone for South Asia, being the first AESF to be held in the sub-region.

    Representatives from intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations (UN), South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) are invited in this important event.
    The 4th AESF will adopt the theme: “Advancing the Election Transparency and Integrity Agenda: Overcoming Asian Democracy Challenges through Cooperation.” Also, the two-day gathering is designed to center on developing strategies to actually enhance transparency and integrity for credible elections in the region.

    To know more about AESF IV or to register, please visit the following link: AESF IV Information

  • Regional Conference on Democracy in Southeast Asia: Achievements, Challenges, Prospect. Kuala Lumpur, 2-3 Sep 2017

    Regional Conference on Democracy in Southeast Asia: Achievements, Challenges, Prospect. Kuala Lumpur, 2-3 Sep 2017

    In the opening of Regional Conference on Democracy in Southeast Asia: Achievements, Challenges, Prospect. Kuala Lumpur, 2-3 Sep 2017. Hosted by Kofi Annan Foundation and Suhakam. ANFREL Team with Ichal Supriadi, Damaso Magbual, Koul Panha, Titi Anggraini Mashudi, Ramon Casiple, with company of Mandeep Singh, Maria Chin Abdullah, Hasyim Asy’ari, Luie Tito Guia, Chito Gascon.

  • ANFREL PRESS RELEASE ON THE CONDUCT OF THE 2017 CAMBODIA COMMUNE AND SANGKAT COUNCIL ELECTIONS

    ANFREL PRESS RELEASE ON THE CONDUCT OF THE 2017 CAMBODIA COMMUNE AND SANGKAT COUNCIL ELECTIONS

    Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    June 6, 2017

    The Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL) congratulates the people of the Kingdom of Cambodia for their courage in turning up in great numbers to exercise their right to vote. ANFREL also commends the steps taken by the National Election Committee (NEC) to improve the voting process and by many other stakeholders who dedicated their best efforts to ensure a successful election day.

    ANFREL acknowledges the success of election day operations, with voting found to be generally smooth, high voter turnout across the country and relatively few incidents to report, although uneven implementation of the rules prescribed by the NEC occurred. The campaign preceding election day was also more vibrant and peaceful than in the last elections, despite the persistence of traditional unfair patterns, such as the use of state resources for campaigning, intimidation of political opponents, media and CSOs, and vote-buying to mobilize supporters.

    Among the most significant improvements observed in this year’s polls compared to past elections were the creation of a new electronic voter list, instrumental in avoiding occurrences of vote-padding and double voting, and the adoption of a revised NEC law in 2015. The election management body established by this law is more balanced and effective, as evidenced by its fairer regulations and guidelines.

    ANFREL observed an efficient electoral system attributable to the NEC’s polling rules and their implementation. On election day, the mission observed relatively few deviations from standard polling procedures, with most occurrences caused by inadequate training of polling staff. In this regard, additional efforts should be made to enhance the capacity of the country’s election management bodies ahead of the 2018 general elections.

    However, ANFREL is concerned about the decision of the NEC to extend the issuance of verification letters by Commune Election Commissions (CEC) until 2:30 PM on election day. While the intention of enfranchising voters without IDs is laudable, the NEC action changed regulations after the opening of polling stations, created confusion, and came too late for a number of voters who had already been turned away at the polls by election officials. ANFREL observed that in some instances these verification letters were emitted by CECs in large numbers and without the required documents, which calls into question the integrity of the last minute additions to the voter list.

    ANFREL also received reports from some stakeholders of off-duty troops voting outside of their communes of residency, sometimes in large numbers, and military-dominated polling stations. Despite these reports needing further verification, these occurrences should be avoided in next year’s elections, so as to not undermine the people’s trust in the voting process.

    Furthermore, ANFREL expresses its concern with the generally deteriorating legal environment, harassment of journalists and attacks on the freedom of expression and freedom of assembly, all of which serve to undermine faith in the electoral process. Pre-election statements made by some authorities which influenced people’s freedom to exercise their political rights. International observers call on the government to ensure a fear-free electoral environment during elections which respects international human rights values and principles.

    These include, but are not limited to, comments from: Defense Minister Tea Banh, warning that opposition protesters would have their teeth smashed ; Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces Chea Dara declaring that the military will support Prime Minister Hun Sen “forever ”; and the Prime Minister himself stating that he was willing to “eliminate 100 or 200 people ” to stay in power.

    Along with threats made directly to some of the country’s NGOs and media , and a legal framework restricting the activities of NGOs and political parties, such statements indicate that Cambodia has not quite reached the level playing field that is most conducive to multiparty democracy. Nonetheless, political rallies were remarkably peaceful throughout the campaign with only isolated events of violence being reported.

    ANFREL lauds the efforts of the Cambodian civil society organizations (CSOs) to engage and unite election stakeholders, and for deploying 74,671 domestic observers, as well as the 85.7% voter turnout. This culture of vigilance and active political participation should be greatly encouraged and cultivated through the adoption of laws which do not limit dissent and free speech. The delegation entreats the Cambodian Government to consider dropping the stringent laws which limit CSO freedoms and rights. Furthermore, ANFREL supports other international election observation mission which utilizes a comprehensive methodology and non-partisan code and rubber-stamped judgement on the conduct of the poll.

    ANFREL expects electoral reform on the area of ensuring a level playing field, strengthening the NEC as an institution, codes ensuring the neutrality of all state authorities, a comprehensive campaign finance and audit regulation, a freer media, and general enfranchisement of citizens within and outside the country.

    From May 29 to June 5, this ANFREL Mission headed by Mr. Rohana Hettiarachchie deployed 15 election observers including two (2) election analysts throughout Cambodia to monitor the campaign and election day. The mission covered 13 provinces during the campaign monitoring period, and 151 polling stations during election day in 18 provinces. The mission conducted desk reviews, in-depth interviews, and polling station observation. ANFREL will release its election observation mission interim report after the announcement of the official results of the election to further elaborate on the the points mentioned.

    For further information, you may reach Anfrel through Mr. Karel Jiaan Antonio at karel@anfrel.org. A Khmer interview can be arranged upon appointment.